{
  "paper_id": "review_20251123_225433",
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    {
      "claim_id": "C01",
      "claim_text": "We trace a conceptual genealogy from historical biopolitical administration to contemporary algorithmic surveillance, demonstrating how classification systems evolve from acknowledging moral complexity to imposing epistemic closure through data management.",
      "linked_prior_work": [
        "Foucault (1978)",
        "Bowker & Star (1999)",
        "Bauman (1989)"
      ],
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        "gap_identification": 1,
        "contribution_delta": 0,
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      },
      "derivative_risk": "MEDIUM",
      "notes": "Synthesizes existing theories; no measurable delta."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C02",
      "claim_text": "Our analysis exposes how this process enables the systematic erasure of Palestinian life through predictive governance and demographic analytics that reduce human beings to manageable variables.",
      "linked_prior_work": [
        "Butler (2009)",
        "Agamben (1998)",
        "Eubanks (2018)"
      ],
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        "gap_identification": 1,
        "contribution_delta": 0,
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      },
      "derivative_risk": "MEDIUM",
      "notes": "Applies known frameworks to specific case."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C03",
      "claim_text": "Ultimately, this paper argues that modern forms of violence reveal a structural complicity between Western rationality, technological administration, and the erosion of moral responsibility, where bureaucratic language itself becomes an instrument of dehumanization.",
      "linked_prior_work": [
        "Adorno & Horkheimer (1947)",
        "Arendt (1963)",
        "Bauman (1989)"
      ],
      "scores": {
        "gap_identification": 1,
        "contribution_delta": 0,
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      },
      "derivative_risk": "MEDIUM",
      "notes": "Extends established critical theory arguments."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C04",
      "claim_text": "Our contribution lies in exposing how the very frameworks we use to understand and discuss genocide often participate in the violence they purport to describe.",
      "linked_prior_work": [
        "Meiches (2017)",
        "Butler (2009)",
        "Foucault (1978)"
      ],
      "scores": {
        "gap_identification": 1,
        "contribution_delta": 0,
        "idea_provenance": 1
      },
      "derivative_risk": "MEDIUM",
      "notes": "Meta-critique based on existing scholarship."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C05",
      "claim_text": "By making visible the operations of what we call the calculus of death, we hope to interrupt the smooth functioning of rationalized erasure and open space for alternative ways of knowing and responding to mass violence.",
      "linked_prior_work": [
        "Weizman (2017)",
        "Bailey (2020)",
        "Levinas (1985)"
      ],
      "scores": {
        "gap_identification": 1,
        "contribution_delta": 0,
        "idea_provenance": 1
      },
      "derivative_risk": "MEDIUM",
      "notes": "Normative goal, not empirical finding."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C06",
      "claim_text": "Our contribution lies in synthesizing these diverse theoretical traditions to develop the framework of the “calculus of death”—a concept that captures how bureaucratic and data-driven systems transform moral atrocities into administrative operations.",
      "linked_prior_work": [
        "Bauman (1989)",
        "Foucault (1978)",
        "Agamben (1998)",
        "Butler (2009)",
        "Eubanks (2018)"
      ],
      "scores": {
        "gap_identification": 1,
        "contribution_delta": 0,
        "idea_provenance": 1
      },
      "derivative_risk": "MEDIUM",
      "notes": "Conceptual synthesis of existing ideas."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C07",
      "claim_text": "By tracing continuities from historical cases of bureaucratic violence to contemporary algorithmic systems, we provide a comprehensive analysis of how rationality becomes complicit in atrocity across different technological contexts.",
      "linked_prior_work": [
        "Scott (1998)",
        "Bauman (1989)",
        "Eubanks (2018)"
      ],
      "scores": {
        "gap_identification": 1,
        "contribution_delta": 0,
        "idea_provenance": 1
      },
      "derivative_risk": "MEDIUM",
      "notes": "Historical comparison using known theories."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C08",
      "claim_text": "Our work thus extends Foucault’s framework into the digital age, demonstrating how algorithmic systems intensify biopolitical control while maintaining the appearance of objective neutrality.",
      "linked_prior_work": [
        "Foucault (1978)",
        "Eubanks (2018)",
        "Bailey (2020)"
      ],
      "scores": {
        "gap_identification": 1,
        "contribution_delta": 0,
        "idea_provenance": 1
      },
      "derivative_risk": "MEDIUM",
      "notes": "Application of existing theory to new context."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C09",
      "claim_text": "However, our contribution extends beyond these frameworks by highlighting how data-driven systems create new forms of epistemic closure that resist traditional modes of critique.",
      "linked_prior_work": [
        "Meiches (2017)",
        "Butler (2009)",
        "Weizman (2017)"
      ],
      "scores": {
        "gap_identification": 1,
        "contribution_delta": 0,
        "idea_provenance": 1
      },
      "derivative_risk": "MEDIUM",
      "notes": "Qualitative extension of existing critique."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C10",
      "claim_text": "Our findings indicate that the conditions for ethical relation are being systematically undermined by systems that render human particularity invisible.",
      "linked_prior_work": [
        "Levinas (1985)",
        "Butler (2009)",
        "Agamben (1998)"
      ],
      "scores": {
        "gap_identification": 1,
        "contribution_delta": 0,
        "idea_provenance": 1
      },
      "derivative_risk": "MEDIUM",
      "notes": "Conclusion derived from applied theory."
    }
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  "novelty_classification": "DERIVATIVE",
  "novelty_flags": [
    "High idea overlap detected",
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    "domain": "Ai-Scholar Generated Preprint This Paper Examines The Paradoxical Relationship Between Rationality And Mass",
    "paper_title": "Ai-Scholar Generated Preprint This Paper Examines The Paradoxical Relationship Between Rationality And Mass"
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}