{
  "paper_id": "review_20251127_214136",
  "sections_checked": [
    "claims",
    "references",
    "data",
    "figures_tables",
    "quotes",
    "entities",
    "urls_datasets",
    "ethics_compliance",
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  "claims": [
    {
      "claim_id": "C01",
      "claim_text": "This study examines 41,236 conflict event records from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data project spanning October 2023 to July 2025.",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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        "data_consistency": 0,
        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 0,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
      },
      "final_fact_score": 2.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "No source provided for dataset size or date range. Future dates (2025) used."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C02",
      "claim_text": "Civilian fatalities constitute 71.9 percent of recorded deaths.",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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        "data_consistency": 0,
        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 0,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
      },
      "final_fact_score": 2.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "No source provided for this specific statistic."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C03",
      "claim_text": "Local sources demonstrate higher reliability indices (0.82) compared to institutional channels (0.46).",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
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        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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      },
      "final_fact_score": 2.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "No source or methodology provided for reliability indices."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C04",
      "claim_text": "The dataset used is the Palestine–Israel Conflict 2023–2024 from ACLED, available at https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wilomentena/palestine-israel-conflict-2023-2024-acled under open access (CC BY 4.0).",
      "supporting_refs": [],
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        "reference_authenticity": 1,
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        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
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      "final_fact_score": 4.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "URL provided but not verified. Dataset name conflicts with paper's 2025 date range."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C05",
      "claim_text": "Quantitative findings indicate civilian fatalities constitute 71.9 percent of recorded deaths.",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
      },
      "final_fact_score": 2.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "Repeated claim without source. No evidence provided."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C06",
      "claim_text": "The research addresses the significance of accurate civilian casualty reporting amid information suppression and narrative contestation.",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 0,
        "claim_reference_alignment": 0,
        "data_consistency": 0,
        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 1,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
      },
      "final_fact_score": 4.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "Normative claim without cited empirical support."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C07",
      "claim_text": "The study draws upon several theoretical frameworks including Fricker (2007) on epistemic injustice.",
      "supporting_refs": [
        "Fricker, 2007"
      ],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 2,
        "claim_reference_alignment": 2,
        "data_consistency": 2,
        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 2,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 2
      },
      "final_fact_score": 10.0,
      "verdict": "reliable",
      "notes": "Reference is correctly cited and aligns with claim."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C08",
      "claim_text": "Air/drone strikes accounted for 10,124 events (24.6% of events) with a mean of 7.3 fatalities per event.",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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        "data_consistency": 0,
        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 0,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
      },
      "final_fact_score": 2.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "Detailed numeric claim without any cited source."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C09",
      "claim_text": "Gaza North had 10,352 events with 42,117 fatalities (mean 4.1 per event).",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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        "data_consistency": 0,
        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 0,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
      },
      "final_fact_score": 2.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "Detailed numeric claim without any cited source."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C10",
      "claim_text": "The correlation (r) between Fatalities and Air Strikes is 0.88.",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 0,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
      },
      "final_fact_score": 2.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "Statistical claim without source or methodology."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C11",
      "claim_text": "The keyword 'strike' appears 19,402 times (47.1% relative frequency) in narrative descriptors.",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 0,
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      "final_fact_score": 2.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "Detailed textual analysis claim without source."
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    {
      "claim_id": "C12",
      "claim_text": "The study adheres to ethical guidelines for secondary data analysis; all data are publicly available and anonymized.",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
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        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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        "data_consistency": 1,
        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 1,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
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      "final_fact_score": 6.0,
      "verdict": "needs_human_review",
      "notes": "Ethics statement present but dataset provenance unverified."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C13",
      "claim_text": "The concept of moral witnessing is articulated by Margalit (2002).",
      "supporting_refs": [
        "Margalit, 2002"
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      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 2,
        "claim_reference_alignment": 2,
        "data_consistency": 2,
        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 2,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 2
      },
      "final_fact_score": 10.0,
      "verdict": "reliable",
      "notes": "Reference is correctly cited and aligns with claim."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C14",
      "claim_text": "The qualitative analysis is based on 1,200 narrative fields selected through stratified random sampling.",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 0,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
      },
      "final_fact_score": 2.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "Methodological detail without source or validation."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C15",
      "claim_text": "The study employs a mixed-methods research design integrating quantitative conflict event analysis with qualitative narrative inquiry.",
      "supporting_refs": [
        "Creswell, 2018"
      ],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 2,
        "claim_reference_alignment": 2,
        "data_consistency": 2,
        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 2,
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      "final_fact_score": 10.0,
      "verdict": "reliable",
      "notes": "Methodological claim aligns with cited source."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C16",
      "claim_text": "The analysis of 41,236 conflict events reveals that local sources demonstrate higher reliability indices than institutional channels.",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 0,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
      },
      "final_fact_score": 2.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "Core finding repeated without evidential source."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C17",
      "claim_text": "The qualitative analysis identified themes including 'Witnessing Under Siege' and 'Digital Silencing'.",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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        "data_consistency": 0,
        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 0,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
      },
      "final_fact_score": 2.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "Interpretive claim without supporting data or source."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C18",
      "claim_text": "The study contributes to frameworks of epistemic justice in conflict settings.",
      "supporting_refs": [
        "Fricker, 2007"
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      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 2,
        "claim_reference_alignment": 1,
        "data_consistency": 1,
        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 1,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 2
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      "final_fact_score": 14.0,
      "verdict": "needs_human_review",
      "notes": "Thematic link to cited framework, but contribution is unverified."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C19",
      "claim_text": "The dataset integrates NGO, media, and local monitoring reports compiled by ACLED.",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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        "scientific_consensus_or_authority": 0,
        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
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      "final_fact_score": 2.0,
      "verdict": "unreliable",
      "notes": "Description of dataset composition without source."
    },
    {
      "claim_id": "C20",
      "claim_text": "The authors declare no financial or institutional conflicts of interest.",
      "supporting_refs": [],
      "contradicting_refs": [],
      "criteria_scores": {
        "reference_authenticity": 0,
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        "hallucination_fabrication_check": 1
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      "final_fact_score": 6.0,
      "verdict": "needs_human_review",
      "notes": "Statement present but authorship is anonymous, limiting verification."
    }
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  "reference_audit": {
    "total_refs": 12,
    "valid_metadata_count": 12,
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    "suspicious_items": []
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  "data_audit": {
    "numeric_items_checked": 10,
    "mismatches": [
      "Dataset cited as '2023-2024' but analysis spans to July 2025.",
      "Total events (41,236) inconsistent with sum of event type breakdowns (41,236 vs sum of Table 4 ~39,236).",
      "Total fatalities from regional distribution (~99,912) not reconciled with civilian/combatant table total (~109,876)."
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    "range_unit_issues": [
      "Future dates (2025) included in analysis."
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    "items_checked": 10,
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    "unlabeled_axes_or_missing_units": [],
    "reused_or_referenced_without_source": [
      "All tables present data without citation to source dataset."
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  "quotes_audit": {
    "quotes_checked": 4,
    "exact_match_count": 0,
    "paraphrase_fidelity_flags": [
      "All example quotes in qualitative analysis are unattributed and lack source verification."
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  },
  "entity_audit": {
    "journals_verified": 2,
    "authors_verified": 12,
    "orgs_verified": 0,
    "nonexistent_or_ambiguous_entities": [
      "ACLED dataset specific version not verified."
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    "urls_present": 1,
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    "missing_provenance_or_license": [
      "Dataset URL provided but not verified; license stated but provenance unclear."
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  "ethics_compliance_audit": {
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      "No IRB/ethics review mentioned for sensitive conflict casualty data."
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  "consistency_audit": {
    "intra_text_conflicts": [
      "Dataset date range conflict: text says Oct 2023-Jul 2025, data statement cites '2023-2024'.",
      "Event totals across tables do not sum to stated N of 41,236.",
      "Fatality totals across tables are inconsistent."
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    "overall_fact_score": 0,
    "recommendation": "incomplete",
    "flags": [
      "Incomplete evaluation - missing required fields"
    ]
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      "fields": [
        "paper_level"
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      "message": "LLM did not return all required fields. Using defaults for: paper_level"
    }
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    "model": "deepseek-chat",
    "paper_id": "review_20251127_214136",
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    "domain": "Genocide Studies",
    "paper_title": "Counting the Living: Civilian Harm in the Palestinian Holocaust",
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