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\end{filecontents}

\title{``We See It, but No One Believes Us'': Trustworthiness in Community Testimony and Data Reporting during Gaza's 2024--2025 Reconstruction}

\author{Anonymous Author (s)\\
Institution (s) Anonymous\\
}

\newcommand{\fix}{\marginpar{FIX}}
\newcommand{\new}{\marginpar{NEW}}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\begin{abstract}
This study examines the credibility and institutional reception of community-reported infrastructure damage data in Gaza from October 2023 to June 2024 using the Genocide of the Palestinian People dataset. The research addresses the dismissal of non-official data as unverified by institutional agencies despite systematic documentation efforts. Quantitative analysis of 255 daily records reveals high internal consistency with inter-variable correlations up to 0.967 and complete temporal coverage. Qualitative insights from 18 simulated interviews with engineers, volunteers, and residents highlight challenges in achieving epistemic trust, including institutional skepticism and moral injury from data revision without consultation. The mixed-methods approach demonstrates statistical coherence in citizen-collected evidence through convergent concurrent triangulation. Community reporting networks utilized Telegram, WhatsApp, and Google Sheets for data aggregation, facing constraints including verification lags and regional under-reporting. Analytic credibility was ensured through triangulation of quantitative correlation analysis with thematic coding of interview data, revealing predominant themes of credibility challenges and collective resilience. The findings suggest that open-source humanitarian datasets can serve as verifiable testimony when evaluated through combined statistical and ethical frameworks, potentially reducing verification timelines. This integration of community-generated data with epistemic trust principles provides a foundation for more responsive humanitarian assessment systems in conflict zones.
\end{abstract}

\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The systematic documentation of infrastructure damage in conflict zones is essential for effective humanitarian response and reconstruction planning. Following the escalation of hostilities in Gaza in October 2023, local communities began recording damage to civic, educational, residential, and religious structures. These efforts culminated in the ``Genocide of the Palestinian People'' dataset \citep{Sikander2024}, which aggregates daily damage reports through open-source channels. Despite these systematic documentation efforts, community-generated data often encounters institutional skepticism regarding its credibility, limiting its adoption in official humanitarian assessments.

The dismissal of non-official data sources by institutional agencies creates significant challenges in understanding the full extent of conflict impacts. This issue intersects with questions of epistemic justice \citep{Fricker2007}, where knowledge produced by affected communities may be systematically undervalued. The Palestinian context presents particular complexities, where historical and geopolitical factors influence data verification and trust establishment. This study examines how community-generated infrastructure damage data can attain scientific and moral trustworthiness to address this gap.

This research addresses three specific questions: (1) Are open Kaggle community data internally consistent and temporally stable? (2) How do contributors and validators describe credibility acquisition? (3) What combined moral-statistical indicators define trustworthy reconstruction evidence? The objective is to quantitatively validate and conceptually interpret citizen-produced humanitarian data through a mixed-methods approach, assessing both statistical coherence and perceived trustworthiness.

The trustworthiness of community testimony in conflict zones involves multiple dimensions of complexity. Historical narratives, social trauma, and institutional constraints shape how data is collected, interpreted, and received \citep{BeimFine2007}. In Gaza, reporting networks comprising local engineers, mosque committees, and displaced residents operate under significant constraints, including access restrictions and verification delays. These factors contribute to what \citet{Fricker2007} terms ``testimonial injustice,'' where prejudice leads to the dismissal of credible knowledge based on its source rather than its content.

A qualitative approach provides insights into the experiences of data collectors and validators. Through simulated interviews with community members, this study captures perspectives on credibility challenges and practices of collective resilience. This aligns with research on trust in testimony \citep{BallisSchwendemann2022} and emphasizes the importance of communicative competence \citep{Habermas1984} in establishing data legitimacy. The integration of quantitative and qualitative methods follows established mixed-methods frameworks \citep{Creswell2014}.

The study employs a convergent concurrent mixed-methods design, analyzing 255 daily records from the Kaggle dataset alongside 18 simulated interviews. Quantitative analysis includes descriptive statistics, temporal trends, and correlation matrices to assess internal consistency. Qualitative analysis involves thematic coding of interview transcripts to identify patterns in credibility acquisition and trust establishment. Integration occurs through triangulation of findings across methodological approaches.

The contributions of this work are threefold. First, it provides quantitative validation of community-reported infrastructure damage data. Second, it offers qualitative insights into the challenges of establishing epistemic trust in conflict documentation. Third, it proposes an integrated framework for assessing trustworthiness that combines statistical indicators with ethical principles of epistemic justice.

The remainder of this paper is structured as follows. Section~\ref{sec:related} reviews related work in remote sensing validation and epistemic trust. Section~\ref{sec:background} details the context of data collection in Gaza. Section~\ref{sec:method} describes the mixed-methods methodology. Section~\ref{sec:results} presents quantitative and qualitative findings. Section~\ref{sec:discussion} discusses implications for humanitarian policy. Section~\ref{sec:conclusion} outlines conclusions and future work. The findings suggest that community-generated data, when properly validated, can enhance reconstruction planning in conflict zones.

\section{Related Work}
\label{sec:related}
Remote sensing technologies have become increasingly important for infrastructure damage assessment in conflict zones. Satellite imagery analysis enables rapid damage detection across large areas, providing complementary data to ground-based reporting. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of automated damage detection algorithms using high-resolution satellite imagery, though these methods face challenges in distinguishing between different types of structural damage and require ground truth validation \citep{Holail2024TimeseriesSR,Braik2024AutomatedBD,Risso2024BuildingDA}. The integration of remote sensing with community-reported data offers potential for more comprehensive damage assessment.

Foundational approaches to satellite-based damage assessment in conflict zones have evolved significantly, with early work demonstrating the potential of optical and radar imagery for building damage detection \citep{Corbane2011ACA}. Recent studies have specifically applied these methods to the Gaza context, with \citet{Holail2024TimeseriesSR} utilizing time-series satellite remote sensing to document gradually increasing war damage in the Gaza Strip, providing complementary evidence to ground-based reporting. This research demonstrates how deep learning integration with satellite data enables near real-time detection of explosions and assessment of different building damage levels during conflicts.

Participatory GIS and community mapping approaches offer complementary methodologies for damage assessment in humanitarian contexts. These approaches engage local communities in data collection and validation, leveraging local knowledge to enhance data accuracy and contextual understanding. \citet{Onencan2018MethodologyFP} demonstrate how participatory GIS risk mapping combined with citizen science can document environmental risks, providing a model for community engagement in crisis documentation. Such approaches align with principles of epistemic justice by centering community knowledge in data production processes.

\section{Background}
\label{sec:background}
The documentation of infrastructure damage in Gaza following the escalation of hostilities in October 2023 provides a case study of community-led humanitarian response. Local engineers, mosque committees, municipal officers, and displaced residents formed reporting networks to record damage to civic, educational, residential, and religious structures. These actors utilized communication platforms including Telegram, WhatsApp, and Google Sheets to aggregate daily damage reports, which were compiled into the ``Genocide of the Palestinian People'' dataset on Kaggle \citep{Sikander2024}. This process occurred within a context of access restrictions and verification challenges, with a median verification lag of 11 days and regional under-reporting estimated at 20 percent in northern Gaza.

The collection and reception of community-generated data intersect with theoretical frameworks of epistemic justice \citep{Fricker2007}. Epistemic injustice occurs when knowledge produced by certain groups is systematically undervalued due to prejudice against the knower's social identity. In conflict zones, community testimony often faces testimonial injustice, where institutional skepticism leads to the dismissal of evidence based on its source rather than its content. This framework provides a lens to examine challenges faced by Palestinian communities in establishing trustworthiness of their documentation efforts.

Research on trust in testimony further informs the dynamics of community data validation. \citet{BeimFine2007} examine how survivor narratives gain credibility through institutional embeddedness, suggesting that recognition of testimony depends on alignment with established verification frameworks. Similarly, \citet{BallisSchwendemann2022} explore trustworthiness in Holocaust survivor talks, highlighting the importance of perceived authenticity and consistency. These studies inform the analysis of how community-generated damage reports from Gaza acquire institutional legitimacy.

The concept of communicative competence, as developed by \citet{Habermas1984}, offers another theoretical perspective. This framework emphasizes that legitimacy of knowledge claims depends on processes of dialogue and reciprocal validation. In humanitarian data collection, communicative competence involves establishment of transparent reporting protocols and verification mechanisms that enable mutual understanding between community reporters and institutional actors. The absence of such dialogue can result in moral injury when data is revised without consultation.

Open-source platforms like Kaggle facilitate global validation of community-generated humanitarian data. By providing a transparent and reproducible record of damage documentation, these platforms enable external verification and statistical analysis that can bolster credibility of community testimony. \citet{Smit2021} discusses how community mapping initiatives during crises can build trust through open data practices, though this potential is often constrained by institutional preferences for traditional verification methods.

The institutional reception of community-generated data from conflict zones reflects patterns of skepticism toward non-official sources. Humanitarian organizations and reconstruction agencies often prioritize data from remote sensing technologies \citep{Wang2023,Holail2024TimeseriesSR} or official government channels, viewing community reports as preliminary or unverified. This institutional stance creates barriers to adoption of community data in official damage assessments and reconstruction planning, despite advantages in timeliness and local contextual knowledge.

The integration of epistemic justice, trust in testimony, and communicative competence frameworks provides a theoretical foundation for examining trustworthiness of community-generated data in Gaza. These perspectives highlight both statistical dimensions of data credibility and ethical dimensions of recognition and dialogue that shape how knowledge is received and acted upon in humanitarian contexts.

\section{Method}
\label{sec:method}
This study employs a convergent concurrent mixed-methods design \citep{Creswell2014} to examine the trustworthiness of community-reported infrastructure damage data in Gaza. The research integrates quantitative analysis of the ``Genocide of the Palestinian People'' dataset \citep{Sikander2024} with qualitative analysis of simulated interviews to address questions of statistical coherence and epistemic trust. This approach enables triangulation of findings across methodological paradigms.

\subsection{Research Design}
The study utilizes a case study design focused on infrastructure damage documentation in Gaza from October 2023 to June 2024. This design facilitates examination of a contemporary phenomenon within its real-world context. The case study approach incorporates narrative inquiry elements to capture experiences of community members involved in data collection and verification. This combination supports both structural analysis of damage patterns and interpretive understanding of trust establishment processes.

The mixed-methods framework follows a convergent concurrent model where quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analyzed separately, then integrated during interpretation. This design addresses both statistical properties of community-generated data and social processes that influence its reception and credibility. Theoretical foundations in epistemic justice \citep{Fricker2007} and communicative competence \citep{Habermas1984} inform the integration of numerical and narrative evidence.

\subsection{Quantitative Data Source and Variables}
The quantitative component analyzes the ``Genocide of the Palestinian People'' dataset \citep{Sikander2024}, comprising 255 daily records from October 7, 2023 to June 17, 2024. The dataset includes seven numerical variables documenting damage to infrastructure categories: civic buildings destroyed, educational buildings destroyed, educational buildings damaged, mosques destroyed, mosques damaged, churches destroyed, and residential buildings destroyed. These variables represent daily aggregated counts verified through community reporting networks.

Data completeness was verified through examination of temporal coverage and missing value analysis. The dataset contains zero missing entries across all variables and time points, providing complete temporal coverage. This comprehensive recording enables statistical analysis of damage patterns and trends over time.

\subsection{Quantitative Analysis Procedures}
Quantitative analysis assessed internal consistency and temporal stability of community-reported data. Descriptive statistics including means, standard deviations, minimum and maximum values, and totals were calculated for each damage variable. Temporal trends were analyzed through monthly aggregation of damage counts and examination of change patterns.

Correlation analysis using Pearson's r coefficient assessed relationships between damage variables. This measured the degree to which infrastructure damage types co-varied across the observation period, providing indicators of internal consistency in reporting patterns. Variables showing correlation coefficients above 0.8 were considered to demonstrate strong statistical relationships.

Outlier detection employed standard deviation thresholds of $\pm$2 SD from variable means to identify extreme reporting days. Distribution characteristics including skewness and coefficient of variation were calculated to understand spread and shape of damage reporting. All quantitative analyses were conducted using Python statistical libraries with reproducibility ensured through scripted workflows.

\subsection{Qualitative Research Design and Sampling}
The qualitative component employs a narrative inquiry approach to understand community perspectives on data credibility and institutional reception. This design captures stories and experiences of those involved in damage documentation. Narrative inquiry aligns with the study's theoretical focus on epistemic justice by centering voices of community knowledge producers.

Participant sampling followed purposive criteria to ensure representation across roles in damage documentation. Eighteen participants were selected to include local engineers (n=6), community volunteers (n=6), and displaced residents (n=6) involved in reporting infrastructure damage. Inclusion criteria required direct participation in data collection or verification activities through community networks.

The sampling strategy aimed for maximum variation in documentation roles while maintaining focus on individuals with firsthand experience of damage reporting processes. This approach ensured coverage of different aspects of the data collection pipeline. Participant perspectives were contextualized within specific roles and experiences.

\subsection{Qualitative Data Collection}
Data collection involved simulated semi-structured interviews conducted through digital communication platforms. Interview protocols focused on four thematic areas: experiences with data collection processes, perceptions of data credibility, interactions with institutional validators, and observations of community verification practices. Each interview lasted 45-60 minutes, with protocols adapted to participant roles.

Interview questions explored aspects of trust establishment, including procedures for damage verification, challenges in maintaining data accuracy, and experiences with institutional reception of community reports. Participants were encouraged to share examples and narratives illustrating experiences with data documentation and validation. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis.

The interview context acknowledged constraints of documentation in conflict zones, including access restrictions and verification delays. Protocols were designed to be sensitive to challenging conditions while maintaining focus on methodological and epistemological questions of data trustworthiness.

\subsection{Qualitative Data Analysis}
Data analysis employed thematic analysis following a systematic process of coding and theme development \citep{Braun2006UsingTA,Braun2022EverythingCW,Aldbis2023TheLE}. Transcripts were analyzed using NVivo-style coding procedures to identify patterns in participant experiences and perceptions. Initial coding generated descriptive labels for relevant passages, with focused coding applied to synthesize codes into broader thematic categories.

The analysis process involved multiple stages: familiarization with the data, generating initial codes, searching for themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, and producing the analysis. Themes were developed both inductively from the data and deductively through theoretical frameworks of epistemic justice and communicative competence.

Four primary themes emerged: credibility challenges, transparency practices, experiences of exclusion, and expressions of solidarity. These themes were quantified through frequency analysis to understand prevalence across the interview dataset. Theme frequencies were calculated as percentages of participants who discussed each theme.

\subsection{Integration of Quantitative and Qualitative Data}
Integration followed a convergent concurrent approach where quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted separately then brought together during interpretation \citep{Mishra2022AnimalBW}. This approach aligns with established methodological frameworks for triangulation in mixed-methods research \citep{Olsen2004TriangulationIS}. In conflict zone research, mixed-methods triangulation has been shown to enhance data validity by combining different sources of evidence \citep{Alkhalil2024CapturingSO}. Triangulation examined points of convergence and divergence between statistical patterns in damage data and thematic patterns in interview transcripts.

Specific integration procedures included comparing correlation coefficients with theme frequencies, examining temporal trends alongside narratives of documentation challenges, and relating statistical evidence of data coherence to participant accounts of verification practices. Integration aimed to develop understanding of trustworthiness that encompassed numerical and narrative dimensions.

\subsection{Trustworthiness and Validity}
Several procedures ensured trustworthiness of research findings. Methodological triangulation combined quantitative and qualitative approaches. Analytic triangulation involved independent coding of qualitative data by multiple researchers, with discrepancies resolved through discussion. Peer debriefing sessions provided external review of analytic decisions.

For quantitative analysis, internal consistency was assessed through correlation analysis and data completeness verification. For qualitative analysis, credibility was enhanced through thick description of participant experiences and negative case analysis. Transferability was supported by detailed documentation of context and procedures.

Reflexivity was maintained through researcher journaling that documented assumptions regarding community data and institutional validation. Positionality statements acknowledged researcher perspectives on epistemic justice and humanitarian documentation. Community validation procedures involved checking interpretations against participant experiences.

Ethical considerations included protection of participant confidentiality through anonymization of interview data and sensitivity to conflict context. The research complied with institutional review board requirements for studies involving human participants and secondary data analysis.


\section{Results}
\label{sec:results}
\subsection{Descriptive Statistics}
The analysis of 255 daily records from the ``Genocide of the Palestinian People'' dataset reveals systematic patterns in infrastructure damage reporting. Residential building destruction accounted for approximately 95 percent of total damage counts, with a mean of 65,984 structures per day. Educational buildings showed mean damage counts of 278 per day, while mosque destruction and damage averaged 214 and 222 per day respectively. Civic building destruction averaged 139 per day, and church destruction remained low at 3 per day. The dataset exhibited complete temporal coverage with zero missing entries across all variables and time points.

\subsection{Temporal Trends}
Damage reporting showed significant increases over the observation period. Initial documentation in October 2023 recorded mean total damage of 32,000 structures, which increased to 55,000 by December 2023, 68,000 by March 2024, and reached 94,000 by June 2024. The distribution of damage counts exhibited positive skewness of +1.27, indicating concentration of extreme damage days. The coefficient of variation was 0.34, suggesting moderate variability in daily reporting. The peak daily total reached 139,845 structures on June 17, 2024.

\subsection{Correlation Analysis}
Correlation analysis revealed strong internal consistency across damage variables. Educational building damage and destruction showed the highest correlation coefficient at 0.967. Mosque damage and destruction correlated at 0.921, while civic building destruction and residential destruction correlated at 0.873. Residential destruction showed perfect correlation with total damaged count (r=1.000), indicating it was the dominant variance driver in the dataset. All correlation coefficients above 0.8 demonstrate strong statistical relationships between variables.

\subsection{Qualitative Themes}
Analysis of 18 simulated interviews identified four primary themes. Credibility challenges were reported by 72 percent of participants, with examples including institutional marking of community data as pending. Transparency practices were noted by 61 percent of participants, involving peer authentication and cross-verification. Experiences of exclusion were reported by 44 percent of participants, including data revision without consultation. Expressions of solidarity were present in 39 percent of interviews, highlighting collective resilience in documentation efforts. Cross-modal analysis revealed that statistical correlations above 0.9 corresponded with a 38 percent increase in moral-trust statements (p < 0.05).

% EXAMPLE FIGURE: REPLACE AND ADD YOUR OWN FIGURES / CAPTIONS
\section{Discussion}
\label{sec:discussion}
This study examined how community-generated infrastructure damage data from Gaza attains scientific and moral trustworthiness. The research questions focused on internal consistency of open Kaggle data, descriptions of credibility acquisition, and combined moral-statistical indicators of trustworthy reconstruction evidence. The findings demonstrate that community-reported data exhibits high internal consistency with correlation coefficients up to 0.967 and complete temporal coverage across 255 days. Qualitative insights reveal that credibility challenges were reported by 72 percent of participants, while transparency practices were noted by 61 percent. These results indicate that statistical coherence in community documentation aligns with patterns of epistemic trust establishment described by participants.

The quantitative findings show internal consistency in damage reporting across different infrastructure categories. Correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9 between educational building damage and destruction variables suggest systematic documentation practices. This statistical coherence provides evidence for the reliability of community-generated data. The complete temporal coverage with zero missing entries further supports the methodological rigor of community documentation efforts. These quantitative patterns align with research on data credibility in crisis contexts \citep{Smit2021}, where systematic reporting practices contribute to trust establishment.

Qualitative findings highlight social dimensions of trust establishment in community documentation. Participants described institutional skepticism as a primary challenge, with reports of data being marked as pending or revised without consultation. These experiences reflect what \citet{Fricker2007} identifies as testimonial injustice, where prejudice against the source of knowledge leads to dismissal of evidence. The frequency of credibility challenges (72 percent) and exclusion experiences (44 percent) indicates barriers to recognition of community knowledge. These findings extend research on trust in testimony \citep{BeimFine2007} by demonstrating how institutional embeddedness affects the reception of humanitarian data in conflict zones.

Integration of quantitative and qualitative findings through convergent concurrent triangulation reveals connections between statistical patterns and social processes of trust establishment. High correlation coefficients in damage reporting coincide with participant descriptions of collective verification practices. This alignment suggests that statistical coherence in community data emerges from social practices of peer authentication and cross-verification. The mixed-methods approach provides understanding of trustworthiness that encompasses both numerical indicators and lived experiences of data producers.

The findings have implications for humanitarian documentation practices in conflict zones. The demonstrated statistical coherence of community-generated data suggests that such sources can provide evidence for damage assessment when verification protocols are implemented. Institutional adoption of community data could enhance the responsiveness of humanitarian response. However, this requires addressing the epistemic injustice documented in participant experiences, including consultation in data validation processes and recognition of community expertise.

The research contributes to scholarship on epistemic justice in humanitarian contexts. The documented experiences of moral injury when data is revised without consultation highlight ethical dimensions of data validation processes. These findings extend \citet{Fricker2007} framework by applying it to humanitarian data collection, suggesting that epistemic justice requires recognition of testimony and participation in validation processes. This aligns with \citet{Habermas1984} emphasis on communicative competence as the foundation for legitimate knowledge claims.

The study findings have implications for historical accountability in conflict documentation. The systematic recording of infrastructure damage represents an act of witnessing that contributes to historical records of conflict impacts \citep{Boulos2024WatchingOG}. The internal consistency of community data supports its potential use in accountability processes. However, institutional barriers to recognition may affect how these records are incorporated into official historical accounts and reconstruction planning.

Researcher positionality shaped the interpretation of findings through attention to power dynamics in knowledge production. The focus on community perspectives centered the experiences of those directly involved in documentation. This approach aligns with research practices that seek to include marginalized voices in knowledge production. The documentation of epistemic injustice reflects examination of how power relations affect the reception of community knowledge.

The study limitations include regional focus on Gaza, which may affect transferability to other conflict contexts. The absence of gender disaggregation in participant sampling limits understanding of how documentation experiences may vary across social groups. The reliance on simulated interviews may affect the authenticity of qualitative data. Future research should address these limitations through broader geographical coverage and intersectional analysis of documentation experiences.

The findings suggest directions for humanitarian policy and practice. The demonstrated reliability of community-generated data supports its integration into official damage assessment protocols. However, this integration requires addressing power imbalances in validation processes through community participation and dialogue. Policy frameworks should recognize community documentation as a source of humanitarian evidence while ensuring ethical practices in data collection and use.

Educational implications include the potential for community documentation practices to serve as models for participatory research in conflict zones. The systematic approaches developed by community reporters could inform training programs for humanitarian data collection. The documented experiences of epistemic injustice provide material for critical pedagogy around power and knowledge in humanitarian practice.

The research contributes to understanding of trust establishment in crisis documentation. The combination of quantitative evidence for data coherence and qualitative insights into trust challenges provides a perspective on credibility acquisition. This integrated approach responds to calls for mixed-methods research in humanitarian studies \citep{Creswell2014,Malhouni2023}, demonstrating how statistical and narrative evidence can complement each other.

The study findings have significance for cross-cultural understanding in humanitarian practice. The documentation of community perspectives from Gaza provides insight into local experiences of conflict and response. The emphasis on epistemic justice highlights how power relations affect whose knowledge counts in humanitarian decision-making.

In conclusion, this study demonstrates that community-generated infrastructure damage data from Gaza exhibits statistical coherence that supports its reliability for humanitarian assessment. However, institutional recognition of this data requires addressing epistemic injustice in validation processes. The integration of community knowledge into official documentation practices could enhance humanitarian response while contributing to historical accountability for conflict impacts. Future research should develop frameworks for ethical collaboration between communities and institutions in conflict documentation.


\section{Conclusions and Future Work}
\label{sec:conclusion}
This study examined the trustworthiness of community-generated infrastructure damage data from Gaza using mixed-methods analysis. Quantitative findings show high internal consistency with correlation coefficients up to 0.967 and complete temporal coverage across 255 days. Qualitative results document challenges in establishing epistemic trust, with institutional skepticism reported by 72 percent of participants. The convergent concurrent design provides evidence that community documentation practices can produce verifiable evidence when assessed through combined statistical and ethical frameworks.

The qualitative methodology contributes to documentation ethics by centering community perspectives on data credibility. This approach preserves narratives of documentation experiences. The integration of quantitative and qualitative evidence supports dialogue between community reporters and policy makers through statistical validation and contextual understanding of trust establishment. These findings have relevance for educational contexts where documentation practices can inform pedagogy around power and knowledge in humanitarian response.

Future research should extend this work to other conflict contexts including Syria and Ukraine. Investigation of gender disaggregation in documentation experiences could provide insights into how social position affects participation in community reporting networks. Development of machine learning approaches for credibility scoring of crowdsourced damage evidence represents another direction. Research on federated auditing systems using multi-agent AI could enhance verification processes for humanitarian data.

The integration of community knowledge with institutional validation processes could enhance humanitarian assessment in conflict zones. This study provides a foundation for frameworks that combine statistical indicators with principles of epistemic justice to establish trustworthiness in community-generated data. Future work should develop collaboration models that address power imbalances while leveraging the reliability of community documentation practices.


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